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these excess stresses in the film lead to tension at the backside of the film. if the film is elastic, this tension will be released by the elastic deformation of the film, until the tensile stress in the backside is once again greater than the yield stress of the film. at this point, the elastic deformation is removed and the stress in the backside of the film exceeds the yield stress and leads to cracking. this process repeats until the film finally fails. the final crack occurs at the location where the two sides of the delamination front meet, and the final crack length, l, is then given by l = h + 2 d.
in previous studies by beaglehole et al. 14 a value of e d = e 0 was used as an estimate for the bending modulus of the film. this value was taken from measurements made on a sample of dried colloidal film that had been ruptured by shear. however, in the experiments reported here a value of e d = e 0 was not found to be sufficient to fully explain the observed hopping cracks. the reason for this is clear from the measurements in fig. 5b-d. it is clear from these measurements that there is some large scale excess curvature present near the crack tip, and it is this region that is the cause of the extra stress. this is indicated by the location of the outermost crack in fig. 5c, which does not occur at the point where the two sides of the delamination front meet, but in a region of the film that is subject to excess curvature. furthermore, in fig. 5c, it is clear that the additional stress that is present in this region of the film is greater than the value of e d estimated by beaglehole et al. 14 . this suggests that the value of e d measured by beaglehole et al. 14 may be an underestimate and that a value of e d = e 0 is too small a value to explain the results described here. if this is the case, then the elastic deformation in the film during a hop is not simply governed by the in-plane elastic modulus, e,, but must also depend on the magnitude of the out-of-plane stress in the film, 0. it is possible to estimate the change in the out-of-plane stress at the crack tip as a result of elastic deformation by the following equation 30.
we report the use of a new method to control crack propagation in drying films. this involves the addition of a small amount of a polymer surfactant to the film substrate. the polymer is added at a point just below the film surface and is slowly released into the film during drying. this results in a polymer that is present in the film and its immediate vicinity. the polymer is released from the substrate such that it is only present below the first crack, but not above it. the effects of the polymer are found to be dependent on the ratio of the dry film thickness to the thickness of the polymer layer. for a film thickness of 100 microns the film fails by delamination at a crack spacing of approximately 6 millimetres.
a new method has been developed to alter the morphology of delaminations in drying films. the method involves the addition of a small amount of a polymer surfactant to the film substrate. the polymer is added at a point just below the film surface and is slowly released into the film during drying. this results in a polymer that is present in the film and its immediate vicinity. the polymer is released from the substrate such that it is only present below the first crack, but not above it. the effects of the polymer are found to be dependent on the ratio of the dry film thickness to the thickness of the polymer layer. for a film thickness of 100 microns the film fails by delamination at a crack spacing of approximately 6 millimetres. the study is based on drying of cast hydrated polyvinyl alcohol (pva) films.
in this paper we study the effect of polymer concentration and film thickness on the morphology of delaminations in drying films. these films are cast from aqueous pva solutions. the rate of drying is controlled by applying a constant air velocity to the air chamber in which the films are cast. polyvinyl alcohol (pva) films of different thicknesses (100 microns, 300 microns and 600 microns) are cast from the aqueous pva solution and allowed to dry. a new method has been developed to alter the morphology of delaminations in drying films. this involves the addition of a small amount of a polymer surfactant to the film substrate. the polymer is added at a point just below the film surface and is slowly released into the film during drying. this results in a polymer that is present in the film and its immediate vicinity. the polymer is released from the substrate such that it is only present below the first crack, but not above it. the effects of the polymer are found to be dependent on the ratio of the dry film thickness to the thickness of the polymer layer.
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